Agency & Ethics

Commingling

Standard Definition

An illegal practice where a licensed broker mixes client funds (such as earnest money escrows) with their personal or business operating funds.

Detailed Examination Analysis

Commingling is a serious violation of real estate licensing laws. Brokers are required to maintain separate escrow or trust accounts to hold client funds (such as earnest money deposits or tenant security deposits). Commingling occurs when a broker deposits these client funds into their business operating account or personal account, even if they do not spend the money. Spending the money is a more severe offense known as conversion.

Real-World Examination Scenario

"A broker receives a $5,000 earnest money check from a buyer. Instead of depositing it into the brokerage's trust account, they deposit it into their business operating account to pay office utilities, intending to transfer it back later. This is commingling, and it can result in the revocation of their real estate license."

premium exam tool

Master Commingling on Your Practice Exams

Unlock detailed flashcards, simulator questions, and pass-guaranteed study aids tailored to your state's licensing guidelines.

Upgrade to Premium

Related Glossary Terms